コンピューター
A computer(computer) The computer that the calculation start back works to the calculation end without hands in a computer, a narrow sense in a wide sense. It points at Turing machine and an equivalent thing theoretically. It points at a personal computer (a PC) routinely and tends to call it "a computer". In addition, what was transcribed into "a computer" was usual with a newspaper, a magazine, the television and announced that I unified soft largest Microsoft Corporation for this notation. The name on the Japanese law "a computer" (do not appear, and Kei comes, and abbreviate it)： I am considered to be computer, computation). "An electronic brain" (an abbreviated designation)： I am called by the popular name called cyber) (by what is caught as a brain of the robots as analogy of the human brain again). But the thing which is not electronic to of the history or a computer studying extremely partly of the computer has an electronic brain / the computer conceptually. In addition, it was the name that it called it with "the electronic calculation organization" in Japan from the times when the production of computers of Showa 30's was performed, and was used until Showa about the first half of 40's. In addition, it is written in the bid notification that is an official document, the regulations of government offices in this way even if I greet the 21st century. It is classified roughly from structure of the hardware by a digital computer and an analog computer, but used most computers are digital computers now, and the case called merely computer tends to point at this place. The analog computer expresses a certain physical phenomenon using a phenomenon / a water pressure phenomenon of the electric phenomenon / machine, and it is the's best form of the computer which is used though I untie a problem. The analog computer expresses quantity of certain physics with quantity of another physics and triggers a mathematical function in it. The output is almost provided for a change of the input in real time; was characteristic, and was used by various simulation, but it was necessary to change a circuit to change operation contents, and was able to put the role away in the precision to be provided with the speedup of the digital computer because there was a limit. It faces each other, and the digital computer consists of it by an electric phenomenon / combination of ALU made with a mechanical phenomenon. With the analytical engine developed by Charles a difference organization is equivalent to ALU, and an analytical engine is equivalent to a computer. Originally the word called computer was words to hint at the person who performed an arithmetic calculation. This use is still effective (but I become very rare in the English zone). The second edition Oxford English Dictionary(OED2) Then I write down the first year spent as words to hint at the calculation device that this word is mechanical with 1897. Some qualifiers that computer gets are introduced by OED2 to distinguish the computer of the different type by 1946. analogue, digital, a word such as electronic are included in these modifiers. However, it is clear that these words were already used before 1946 by various citations. A definition and reason of computer, the other detailed etymologies are reference in an item of Computer of Wiktionary. The technology used for a computer changed dramatically since the first practical use digital computer appeared in 1940's, but all computers work on Turing machine and an equivalent principle. Turing machine is the simplest programming machine which can calculate the number that is every computability. I decide whether I record a value in tape memory and carry out whether I move only one position of the head whether I compare the value of the sign that I took out with inside state when I take out an order and an input symbol line including data from the tape without the address-shaped working space, and the Turing machine wants to do it to a state change list and changes inside state and take out the next order. I repeat this procedure till I meet with the order of "the stop"…